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Well Cleaning

Well cleaning is an important maintenance procedure aimed at ensuring clean drinking water, maintaining a functioning water supply, and preventing contamination of well water. Whether it’s a dug well, a borehole, or a stormwater well – regular cleaning is essential for preserving water quality and the well’s structural integrity.

Over time, sediments, organic matter, sand, sludge, and other pollutants accumulate at the bottom of the well, which can degrade water quality and obstruct the water supply.

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Why is Well Cleaning Necessary?

The main objectives of well cleaning are:

Ensuring water quality – organic residues, microorganisms, and chemicals can contaminate the well, making the water unsafe for consumption.
Preventing malfunctions – sediment and debris accumulation can clog intakes, filters, and pumps.
Extending the well’s lifespan – regular maintenance prevents corrosion, structural damage, and water level decline.
Eliminating unpleasant odors or tastes – stagnant or polluted water can develop undesirable characteristics, which cleaning can often resolve.
It is especially important to clean after heavy rains, floods, soil movement, or periods of non-use.

Cleaning Frequency

Dug wells should be cleaned at least once every 2–3 years, or more frequently if:

The water becomes cloudy or foul-smelling
There is visible sediment in the water
The water taste has changed
There have been soil or contamination changes around the well
In the case of boreholes, cleaning is less frequent but essential after construction, installation, or suspected contamination.

Well Cleaning Process

The well cleaning procedure depends on the type of well, level of contamination, and intended use. General steps include:

Preparation and Lowering Water Level

First, the water is removed using a pump or vacuum truck. This enables cleaning of the dry bottom and inspection of the well interior.

Removal of Bottom Sediment and Debris

Accumulated mud, sand, stones, leaves, and other sediments are removed from the bottom of the well. This is done manually with buckets or using special pumps and vacuum systems, depending on the well.

Cleaning the Walls and Bottom

The well walls and bottom are pressure-washed to remove stuck dirt, microbial growth, and biofilm. Disinfectants are used if needed.

Visual Inspection and Maintenance

The structural condition of the well is checked – including lining, rings, and seals. Repairs or sealing are done as needed.

Disinfection

After mechanical cleaning, the interior of the well is disinfected, and the solution is left to act (usually chlorine or hydrogen peroxide solutions). The well is then thoroughly flushed.

Water Testing

After cleaning, it is recommended to perform a water analysis to evaluate water quality and determine if additional cleaning or filtration is necessary.

Well cleaning is a vital activity that helps ensure quality water supply, structural integrity of the well, and user safety. Regular maintenance reduces failures, extends the well’s lifespan, and ensures the consumed water is clean and safe. Cleaning should be performed professionally, considering the specific characteristics of the well and environmental conditions.

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